by Mark Severino

Fly fishing along the Alabama coastline offers a unique chance to engage with the local marine environment. The Spey technique, which uses longer fly rods, provides greater casting distance and improved control. This makes it particularly suitable for managing waves and currents, leading to a more effective and enjoyable fishing experience.

**The Origins and Evolution of Spey Casting:**

Spey casting originated in the mid-1800s along the picturesque banks of Scotland’s River Spey, a region renowned for its salmon fishing. Anglers during this time wielded impressive 18- to 20-foot Greenheart wood fly rods, which were crafted from sturdy and resilient timber. These fishermen faced the unique challenge of casting their fly lines in spaces where back casting was nearly impossible, akin to the limitations encountered when using a single-hand fly rod. The broad expanse of the River Spey, often accompanied by tricky currents and obstructions, necessitated techniques that allowed for longer, more precise casts.

As the years progressed, Spey casting underwent a significant transformation, incorporating innovative materials and advanced rod designs that significantly improved casting efficiency. These enhancements enabled anglers to achieve remarkable distances with their casts, thereby increasing their chances of success in a variety of fishing conditions. The evolution of Spey casting has been a journey of creativity and refinement, leading to the sophisticated techniques we recognize today. Its influence has transcended its Scottish origins, adapting seamlessly into diverse fishing traditions across the globe, much to the benefit of anglers everywhere.

**Cities on the Gulf:**

Gulf Shores and Orange Beach are sparkling coastal treasures nestled in Alabama, celebrated for their stunning stretches of white sandy beaches and the vibrant marine ecosystems that thrive beneath the surface. These warm, inviting waters not only offer breathtaking views but also present unique challenges and rewards for Spey casters. Here, the time-honored tradition of Spey casting encounters the dynamic and ever-changing nature of the Gulf, creating an exhilarating experience for anglers.

Fishing along Alabama’s Gulf Coast becomes a captivating dance between strategy and the abundant natural environment. The practice demands an innovative adaptation of traditional techniques to accommodate the coastal climate, where the interplay of tides, currents, and fluctuating weather conditions adds layers of complexity and excitement to each cast. In this beautiful landscape, a Spey caster’s journey is enriched by the melding of rich historical practices with the vibrant challenges unique to this coastal region. It is a pursuit marked by adaptation, skill, and the mastery of a craft that harmonizes with the rhythms of the Gulf Coast.

Rods & Lines:

 When it comes to surf fishing, choosing the right gear is essential for success, and the Spey fly rod is a popular option due to its versatility and effectiveness. Typically, anglers opt for a Spey rod measuring between 13 and 14 feet, fitting within the 8- to 9-weight category. This length provides the leverage needed to cast effectively in challenging surf conditions.

Paired with this rod is a 500- to 600-grain Skagit line, specifically designed to handle heavy sink tips and facilitate smooth casting in various environments. To enhance the setup, a five-foot leader made from 15- to 20-pound fluorocarbon is used, which offers durability and stealth in the water. This carefully curated combination equips anglers to tackle the diverse conditions and target the powerful fish that populate the area, ensuring an optimal fishing experience.

The Flies: 

There are many saltwater flies available for Spey casters to choose from. Fly patterns that mimic baitfish or crustaceans typically make a good starting point.

Clouser Minnow – A legendary bait fish pattern created by Bob Clouser in the 1980s. It is a go-to fly for both freshwater and saltwater fishing. Usually, in sizes #6 and #4, and available in chartreuse/white and pink/white. Great for catching a variety of local fish species.

Crazy Charlie – Developed in 1977 on Andros Island, Bahamas, by local guide Charlie Smith and popularized by Californian angler Bob Nauheim. It comes in sizes #6 to #4 and is available in Chartreuse and Pink.

Gotcha Fly – Originated in the late 1970s on Andros Island in the Bahamas. It was created by guide Jim McVay, who designed the first pattern using carpet trimmings from a Nassau taxi cab. Its simple profile quickly attracted bonefish, leading to the name “Gotcha” after McVay’s successful catches on the flats. The typical sizes for this fly are #6 to #4, and it is commonly found in colors such as Tan/Orange and Tan/Pink.

Fish Species:

Many fish species inhabit the Alabama surf. Some are permanent residents, while others arrive as the water warms from spring through fall. Here are a few commonly caught species in the Alabama surf.

**Pompano** arrive in the spring and fall. They are often found just beyond the breaking waves, sometimes near the second sandbar. Strong and fast, they prefer shrimp patterns, such as the Gotcha fly and Crazy Charlie.

**Ladyfish** are present from late spring to early fall. Often referred to as the “poor man’s tarpon,” they are known for their acrobatic leaps and aggressive strikes. The Clouser Minnow is the go-to fly for these sleek, silvery fish.

**Bluefish** arrive from late spring through early fall. These aggressive, fast-swimming predators have razor-sharp teeth and deliver explosive strikes, adding excitement to surf fishing. Top fly patterns include the Clouser Minnow, Surf Candy, and Deceivers.

**Redfish**, also known as red drum, are the crown jewels of the Alabama surf. Renowned for their large size and powerful runs, they are year-round residents. Effective fly patterns include those that resemble crabs, shrimp, or the red and black Clouser Minnow.

**Black drum** are underrated heavyweights, known for their brute strength, deep grunts, and love for crustaceans. While they may not be flashy, they can test a Spey caster’s gear and patience. Fly patterns mimicking crabs and shrimp, such as a tan-colored Gotcha fly, work well.

**Whiting**, also known as Gulf Kingfish, are among the most accessible surf species along the Alabama coastline. They are active year-round, but especially plentiful in the spring and summer. Effective fly patterns include the Crazy Charlie, Clouser Minnow, or small baitfish imitations in sizes 4-8.

**Spanish mackerel** are fast and toothy, providing a thrilling catch from spring through fall. These fish love to chase flashy prey, making the Clouser Minnow a prime fly pattern for targeting them.

Spey Casting Techniques: 

 The captivating grace of Spey casting is characterized by its smooth, flowing movements and its remarkable versatility. At the heart of this discipline lie the five fundamental Spey casts, which serve as essential building blocks for countless variations that anglers can master.

**Roll Cast**
**Single Spey**
**Double Spey**
**Snap-T or Circle C**
**Snake Roll**

Selecting the appropriate casting technique hinges on a variety of influencing factors, including tidal movements, current direction and strength, wind conditions, and prevailing weather patterns. The various Spey casting methods find relevance not just in the serene landscapes of Scotland’s River Spey but also alongside the diverse environment of the Gulf Coast and the breathtaking expanse of the Pacific Northwest, where anglers can revel in the art of their craft.

Beginning the Spey Casting Journey:

Learning to Spey cast is an intriguing journey, not overly complicated, yet rich in its intricacies. Like any method of fly-fishing, it thrives on proper instruction and dedicated practice. A wealth of resources exists, including instructional books and an array of online videos that delve into the art of Spey casting. Additionally, aspiring casters can benefit immensely from the expertise of local Gulf Coast fly-fishing instructors and the knowledgeable staff at regional fly shops, who can provide essential guidance tailored to beginners.

The real advantage of in-person instruction and visits to local fly shops lies in their intimate knowledge of the local waters. These experts can recommend not just the proper casting techniques, but also the ideal gear—rods, reels, fly lines, and an assortment of flies that mimic the local forage. This tailored guidance can save new Spey casters significant time, money, and the frustration that often accompanies the learning process.

Few experiences compare to the pure thrill of casting a long fly rod into the rolling surf at dawn. The calm of the early morning and the gentle lapping of waves create an enchanting backdrop. Suddenly, the stillness shatters with a mighty tug on the line, an exhilarating sensation that resonates deep within. In that instant, the Spey caster is transported back in time to the storied rivers of Scotland, sharing in the age-old excitement of the salmon fisherman and the profound joy of the catch.

 So many choices! Photo: Kyle Shea

While fluorocarbon leader and tippet materials are no longer a new discovery in the fishing scene, lots of us are still uncertain of the difference between newer fluorocarbon and traditional nylon monofilament. If you are in this category, before stocking up on tippet spools for the coming season, keep reading and we’ll try to clear up the differences between the two.

First off, don’t be fooled by the substantially higher price tag on fluorocarbon materials when compared to monofilament. Many anglers reach for fluorocarbon under the assumption that because it is more expensive, it is a superior choice of line. While there are many superior qualities of fluorocarbon, both fluorocarbon and monofilament have their place depending on the situation. The higher price of fluorocarbon is as much a result of the manufacturing process as it is the “fishing value.” When comparing leader and tippet materials, there are a few qualities that are of utmost importance – read on.

Visibility
The visibility, or better put, the “invisibility” of fluorocarbon line is most likely the best selling point of fluorocarbon when compared to standard nylon monofilament line. The light refractive index of fluorocarbon is very similar to that of fresh water (much more so than monofilament). In other words, when placed in water, it is less visible than monofilament.
Not convinced? You can see for yourself. Take strands of equal diameter of both fluorocarbon and monofilament and dip them in a glass of water. Notice the difference in transparency of the materials in water.

Strength
When talking about strength, there are several dimensions to consider. In the short term, fluorocarbon is a much harder material than monofilament. This results in higher abrasion resistance that is useful in situations such as nymphing or fishing around heavy structure. Also, most fluorocarbon line is thinner in diameter than monofilament line of the same breaking strength. However, this is not always the case from company to company.
Fluorocarbon is also non-permeable to water and therefore does not absorb water throughout the fishing day. This may not seem like a big deal but most do not realize how much water nylon monofilament actually absorbs throughout the day. Over time, this causes monofilament to weaken.

Over the long term, fluorocarbon is extremely resistant to the elements as well, unlike monofilament. Overtime, U.V. rays, rain and humidity, and extreme temperatures (both hot and cold) can cause monofilament to break down and lose strength. Fluorocarbon is much more resistant to these conditions over the long term. For most of us, these conditions are the norm during a fishing day. This is worth considering before pulling out that dusty tippet spool you bought on sale two years ago.

On that note: due to the fact that fluorocarbon does not break down very readily, please take care when disposing of it. Any pieces clipped off and thrown into the river will be there for a very, very long time.

Density
For you trout fisherman out there, the density of your leader material is actually very important. Fluorocarbon is actually denser than water. In other words, it sinks. This is great when dredging the bottom with nymphs or stripping streamers. However, if dead drifting or skating flies on the surface, this is the last thing you want. Nylon monofilament on the other hand actually suspends in water. If fishing dries, especially in very small sizes, monofilament is a clear winner here.

Stretch
Most anglers are aware that monofilament is a relatively “stretchy” material. Just grab your leader from both ends and pull; you will see it stretch. While a certain degree of stretch is advantageous to help absorb the shock while fighting a fish, less stretch results in higher sensitivity for detecting those subtle takes. Fluorocarbon is said to have less stretch than most nylon monofilaments, however there has been some debate among differing manufacturers.

Knotability
Knotability is often overlooked by anglers when selecting a leader or tippet material, but it is very important. The knot is always the weakest link in your setup and therefore it is important to choose a material that knots well.
Nylon monofilament is far superior here as it is suppler than fluorocarbon. For this reason, nylon monofilament is often the choice when tying big game leaders that require extremely large diameter lines. Due to the stiffness of fluorocarbon, knots do not always seat as easy and must be coaxed into lying just right. Take your time when tying knots into fluorocarbon materials and ensure the knot seats correctly to avoid knot slippage or breakage.

Summary
While fluorocarbon seems to have a great deal of advantages over tradition monofilament, there are certain situations where the extra cost is not necessary. Evaluate what situations best fit you and buy accordingly. Also, it is important to mention that not all materials are created equal. Fluorocarbon or monofilament is often times very different between competing manufacturers.

Fly Line Profiles. Photo: Hatch Outdoors.

Choosing the best fly line for your angling pursuits is the most important consideration of any fly rod setup. Contrary to popular belief, the fly line is the most ‘technically driven’ piece of equipment. Yes, more so than your high modulus graphite or sealed carbon fiber disc drags. There are a wide range of fly lines available today to target nearly every fishing scenario, but for many anglers out there, choosing one can be a bit overwhelming.

Most fly line companies provide fly line profiles, not to be confused with tapers (i.e. weight forward, double taper, etc.), for each fly line available. Line profiles are nothing more than a schematic of the line, highlighting the lengths of different sections of varying diameters, densities, textures and so on. They can be a great tool when selecting a fly line, but the role of each section of line is not often understood. Therefore, we thought we’d provide a rundown of the most common components found in fly line profiles and how they affect the performance of a line.

In a typical ‘weight forward’ fly line profile, you can expect to see some, or all of the following components..

• 30 ft. Weight: Just what it says, the 30 ft. weight is the weight of the first 30 feet of line measured in ‘grains.’ It’s what dictates the line’s appropriate line weight (i.e. 5 wt., 6wt., and so on). Why 30 feet? At 30 feet, both weight forward and double taper lines of the same ‘line weight’ should weigh the same, allowing for some consistency when matching lines to rods from varying manufacturers. However, there is an accepted degree of error in line weights, and some lines can vary from 1/2 to even 3/4 of a line size within the same ‘weight.’ Therefore, knowing the 30 ft. weight can be helpful in matching a line to your specific needs.
• Tip: The tip of the fly line is nothing more than a short level section to which the leader is attached. In the past, the tip was used to extend the life of the line by providing a section that can be trimmed after attaching a leader, without cutting into the taper of the fly line. With the popularity of welded loops however, the tip of the fly line is not as important today as it was before, and thus doesn’t need to be as long.
• Front Taper: The tapered section connecting the body to the tip of the line, the front taper determines how energy is dissipated from the line to the leader. A long gradual front taper allows for more delicate and accurate casts, while a short aggressive front taper lends itself to better turnover when casting heavy flies or casting into the wind, although is less accurate. Choose accordingly.
• Belly (Body): The belly, or body, of the line is the portion of the line with the widest diameter. It is where the majority of the energy is carried throughout the cast. The longer the belly of the line, the greater distance potential. The shorter the belly, the easier it is to load the rod quickly for shorter casts. Choose your belly length based on the distance you fish to most often.
• Rear (Back) Taper: The tapered section connecting the belly of the line to the running line, the rear taper is an underrated portion of the fly line. A long rear taper allows for greater control of the fly line over longer distances by creating a smooth transfer of energy. A shorter rear taper creates a quicker transition to the thin running line, allowing for greater distances when shooting line. Both have their advantages depending for the type of fishing at hand!
• Head: The head of the fly line is the section comprised of the front taper, belly, and rear taper. The length of the head determines the amount of line that can be effectively carried in the air while casting. The longer the head, the longer casting potential. However, more false casts are necessary to lengthen the amount of line being carried in the air, which can be difficult for some casters. The shorter the head, the less false casts needed to load the rod before shooting line, and is easier for casters of all abilities.
• Running Line: The thin, level line comprising the back end of the fly line, the running line provides a low friction segment designed to send the head as far as possible when shooting line using weight forward or shooting taper fly lines. Unless you’re planning on boosting casts around the 100 foot range, the length of running line is not overly important.

Determine what you need out of your fly line and use the principles above to find the line that best fits your needs!

FLY LINES

This is #3 in a series highlighting teaching points from Bruce Richard’s MODERN FLY LINES.

LINE CHARACTERISTICS

Unlike a spinning rod, in fly fishing, the fly line weight is what loads the rod.

In 1961 the American Fishing Tackle Manufacturers Association (AFTMA) standardized a weight-based line numbering system. The weight of the line would be based on the first 30 feet of the fly line minus the level tip section. All fly rods are now labeled with the weight appropriate to the corresponding fly line.

Since a specific number fly line weight must follow industry standards, the fly line diameter will vary depending on whether the line is designed to float or sink. This so-called line density will be discussed later.

Fly lines are presently labeled with letters before and after the weight number to indicate the type of line taper and floating/sinking rating, respectively. For example, a WF-6-F denotes a weight-forward number 6 floating line. Likewise, a DT-5-F indicates a double taper number 5 floating line.

LINE COLOR

Richards admits the subject of color is controversial, but feels that it makes little difference for the majority of anglers. It comes down to personal preference.

Doc Frangos, MCI

FLY LINES
This is the 2nd in a series discussing fly lines summarized from Bruce Richard’s MODERN FLY LINES.

COATING

Primary Basic Coating
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
Polyurethane

Additives
Micro balloons/air bubbles-decrease line density, improve floating lines
Powdered tungsten-adjust density for sinking characteristics of sinking-type lines
Lubricants
UV inhibitors
Hydrophobic compounds
Stiffening/softening agents

Different core and coating combinations and their interactions allow for designing specific fly line characteristics. For example, both braided monofilament and multifilament nylon are very limp. However, braided monofilament can become stiff when combined with the coating making it ideal for warm saltwater fishing.

Doc Frangos FFI MCI